How do solar panels work?

Solar panels are currently being used on rooftops, in PV power stations, solar planes, solar vehicles, and by many devices. These panels use a phenomenon known as the photoelectric effect to generate electricity from solar energy.

Architecture of a Solar Panel

A technical term for a solar panel is a PV module, or photovoltaic module. The module consists of a group of PV cells weaved into a chainlike structure that harnesses sunlight and converts it into useable energy. Multiple modules are arranged together to complete a solar system array that is attached to the utility grid and is used for a wide variety of energy needs.

Working Mechanism of Solar Panels

Silicon is used for making the solar cells that form a solar PV module. In order to function, solar cells need to create an electric field. This is made possible by the help of other materials mixed in the silicon used for building the solar cell. When sunlight falls on the solar panel, the atoms of the solar cells get energized by the photons. The loose electrons from the atoms get knocked out and these are collected through plates on either side to produce an electric current.